What is the micro-organism called which initiates the process of dental caries?

The correct answer, Streptococcus mutans, is a primary bacteria involved in the initiation of dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay. This microorganism is part of the normal flora of the human mouth but becomes pathogenic when it metabolizes sugars from the diet, producing acids as a byproduct. These acids can demineralize the enamel and dentin of the teeth, leading to the formation of cavities.

Streptococcus mutans is particularly adept at adhering to the tooth surface and forming biofilms, or dental plaque, which further supports its role in the development of caries. The presence of this bacterium is considered a significant risk factor for the onset and progression of dental decay, making it a focal point in preventive dental care.

The other options represent different types of microorganisms that do not primarily cause dental caries. For instance, Streptococcus pneumoniae is mainly associated with pneumonia and other respiratory issues, while Escherichia coli is known for its role in gastrointestinal infections, not oral health. Actinomyces viscosus, although associated with dental plaque and some cases of dental disease, is not the primary cause of caries like Streptococcus mutans is. This underscores the unique role that specific pathogens play in