What initial actions should be taken when treating a patient in shock?

The choice of giving oxygen and elevating the legs is grounded in the basic principles of managing a patient in shock. When a patient is in shock, there is a critical deficiency in blood flow and oxygen delivery to organs and tissues, leading to potential organ failure.

Administering oxygen helps to ensure that the patient receives the maximum amount of oxygen possible, which is vital for sustaining cellular metabolism. Elevating the legs is a traditional method known as the "shock position," which can help improve venous return to the heart, potentially increasing cardiac output and aiding blood flow to vital organs. This combination can help stabilize the patient while awaiting further medical assistance.

In contrast, administering fluids and applying a tourniquet may not be appropriate as initial measures without a clear assessment of the type of shock and may carry risks if not done correctly. Providing food and water is also not suitable for a patient in shock, as they may be unable to consume anything safely or effectively at that moment. Calling for emergency services is crucial but should be done promptly after taking immediate first-aid actions to help stabilize the patient, ensuring that professional help is on the way as quickly as possible.