What are the main constituents of plaque?

The main constituents of plaque are indeed bacteria, epithelial cells, proteins, and carbohydrates. Plaque is a sticky biofilm that forms on the teeth and is primarily made up of a complex community of bacteria that thrive in the oral environment. These bacteria adhere to the tooth surface and multiply, contributing to the formation of plaque.

Epithelial cells from the lining of the oral cavity also become part of the plaque, as they slough off and mix with bacteria. Proteins in plaque mainly come from saliva, which contains various enzymes and immunoglobulins, and carbohydrates can originate from dietary sources or may be produced by bacteria as a metabolic byproduct. Together, these components create a habitat for bacteria, allowing plaque to develop and potentially lead to dental issues like cavities and gingivitis if not properly managed.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary constituents of plaque. Minerals, sugars, and fats pertain more to dietary intake and do not constitute plaque itself; while saliva and food particles can contribute to an oral environment conducive to plaque formation, they are not its main components. Fluids and enzymes play various roles in the mouth but are not defines constituents of plaque.