What are dental caries?

Dental caries refer specifically to a bacterial infection that leads to the demineralization of the hard tissues of teeth, which primarily involves enamel, dentin, and sometimes cementum. This process is driven by the metabolic activity of bacteria, particularly Streptococcus mutans and other acidogenic bacteria, which produce acids as they metabolize carbohydrates. Over time, the acids produced can break down the mineral structure of the tooth, resulting in cavities, which are irreversible areas of decay.

Understanding this concept is important because it highlights that dental caries is a multifactorial disease influenced not only by bacterial activity but also by diet, oral hygiene, and fluoride exposure. Recognizing the role of bacteria allows dental professionals to emphasize preventive measures, such as maintaining proper oral hygiene and reducing sugar intake, to combat the formation of caries effectively.