Gingival hyperplasia associated with certain medications is primarily due to an increase in what?

Gingival hyperplasia associated with certain medications, particularly anticonvulsants like phenytoin, is primarily linked to fibroblast proliferation. When these medications are taken, they can stimulate fibroblasts within the gingival tissue, leading to an increase in connective tissue, resulting in an overgrowth of the gums. This is a specific response of the fibroblasts, which are the cells responsible for synthesizing collagen and other fibers in the connective tissue.

The increase in fibroblast activity contributes significantly to the thickening and enlargement of the gingiva, characterized by the excessive accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components. This condition can lead to complications such as difficulty in oral hygiene and increased risk of periodontal disease. Understanding this response is crucial for dental professionals, as they may need to provide tailored care and advise patients about medication effects on oral health.